DR57 DataRelease
Release Date: September 2025
New Studies: 21
Updated Studies: 1
New Studies
| SDY3080: The impact of in utero HIV exposure on infant T and B cell responses in Malawi | ||||||||||
| Status: | New | |||||||||
| Description: | More than 1.5 million infants each year are born with in utero exposure to HIV infection. While prevention of mother to child transmission successfully prevents congenital infection, HIV exposed but uninfected infants (HEU) are more susceptible to common enteric and respiratory infections than their unexposed counterparts, and have higher mortality rate. The precise immunologic alterations that are responsible for this phenomenon among HEU infants have never been clearly characterized. Studies conducted after widespread availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) have shown less pronounced differences in morbidity and mortality between HIV exposed and unexposed infants. We believe that the immune perturbations associated with in utero HIV exposure are mitigated by effective ART and the longer the control of the HIV infection is during gestation, the less immune alterations and clinical risk of disease the infant will experience. In this study, we will test the hypothesis that infants born to mothers with suppressed HIV infection since conception will have adaptive immune responses similar to HIV-unexposed infants while infants exposed to high level of HIV infection through most of pregnancy will have a dysregulated adaptive immune response. We propose a longitudinal analysis of adaptive immune subsets in HEU infants, comparing three well-characterized mother-infant cohorts from a single health center in Malawi, where, as in much of sub-Saharan Africa, women often receive their first HIV diagnosis when they present for antenatal care late in pregnancy. In this setting, we will enroll (1) infants born to women diagnosed with HIV infection at the first antenatal visit after 26 weeks gestation, thus exposed to uncontrolled viremia for over half of the pregnancy, (2) infants born to women on ART with undetectable viral loads before conception, and (3) HIV unexposed infants born to HIV uninfected mothers. All HIV-infected women will receive the same ART regimen and will breastfeed their infants during the 9-month follow up period. We will assess the adaptive immune response by probing the immune system at birth, 4 and 9 months of age with both polyclonal stimuli and routine immunization antigens, to which all infants will be exposed in the first three months of life. We will compare differentiation, activation levels and antigen specific T and B cell responses for the three groups of infants, applying state-of-the-art technology for detailed and comprehensive analyses. This will be the most comprehensive longitudinal assessment of the impact of HIV exposure on the development of the adaptive immune responses in infants. The results will provide important evidence for public health policy in helping to determine the optimal timing of ART treatment to maximize infant health and survival. | |||||||||
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| DOI: | None | |||||||||
| Subjects: | 67 | |||||||||
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| Publications: | None | |||||||||
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| Clinical Assessments: | None | |||||||||
| SDY3086: LEAP Trio ITN070AD: Follow up of LEAP Participants and Their Families | |||||||||||||||||||
| Status: | New | ||||||||||||||||||
| Description: | This long-term follow-up study assessed the durability of peanut allergy prevention among children previously enrolled in the LEAP ITN032AD and LEAP-On ITN049AD trials. The LEAP trial established that early peanut introduction significantly reduced the incidence of peanut allergy at age five. LEAP-On confirmed the persistence of tolerance after a 12-month avoidance period. LEAP Trio was designed to determine whether this protective effect extends into adolescence under conditions of ad libitum peanut consumption. Participants underwent a single evaluation visit at approximately 144 months of age (12 years), during which comprehensive clinical and mechanistic assessments were conducted, including oral food challenges, skin prick testing, serologic assays (IgE and IgG4 to peanut allergens), dietary recall, and analysis of peanut protein exposure in household dust. The study population comprised original LEAP participants along with their siblings and parents, enabling the characterization of genetic and immunologic correlates of peanut allergy outcomes. Peripheral blood and other biospecimens were collected to support mechanistic analyses of immune function. | ||||||||||||||||||
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| DOI: | None | ||||||||||||||||||
| Subjects: | 1868 | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Assays: | None | ||||||||||||||||||
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| SDY3089: RESTARRT ITN039ST: ATG, Rituximab, Tacrolimus, MMF, Sirolimus and IS Withdrawal in Renal Transplantation | ||||||||||
| Status: | New | |||||||||
| Description: | Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for end-stage renal disease, but long-term success is limited by the need for continuous immunosuppressive therapy to prevent rejection. While effective, these medications carry significant long-term risks, including infection, cardiovascular complications, malignancy, and drug-related toxicity. The RESTARRT study, Research Study of ATG and Rituximab in Renal Transplantation, was designed to evaluate whether a specific regimen using antithymocyte globulin ATG and rituximab could enable the safe withdrawal of immunosuppressive drugs in adult recipients of well-matched, living-donor kidney transplants. All participants received a standardized induction protocol consisting of four doses of ATG and two doses of rituximab. Maintenance immunosuppression included tacrolimus and sirolimus, with optional early use of mycophenolate mofetil MMF. Beginning at 26 weeks post-transplant, eligible participants, those with stable renal function, absence of donor-specific antibodies, and no history of rejection, entered a staged withdrawal process. Tacrolimus was tapered between weeks 26 and 38, and sirolimus between weeks 56 and 88, with no reattempt allowed after failure. Participants intolerant to tacrolimus or sirolimus could be transitioned to an MMF-based regimen and undergo sequential withdrawal. The study included scheduled surveillance biopsies, renal function monitoring, and serial assessment for donor-specific HLA antibodies DSA. Immune monitoring included blood and tissue-based analyses such as flow cytometry of peripheral blood mononuclear cells PBMCs, HLA antibody testing, gene expression profiling, and cytokine assays. Participants were followed intensively during withdrawal and through a two-year post-withdrawal period, with additional visits extending up to four years from transplant. This study tested whether depleting both T cells and B cells through a dual induction strategy could reshape the immune response after transplantation and create conditions favorable for long-term graft acceptance without continuous immunosuppressive therapy. | |||||||||
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| DOI: | None | |||||||||
| Subjects: | 14 | |||||||||
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| Assays: | None | |||||||||
| Clinical Assessments: | None | |||||||||
| SDY3091: EAT ITN900AD: Enquiring About Tolerance | ||||||||||
| Status: | New | |||||||||
| Description: | This randomized controlled trial, referred to as the Enquiring About Tolerance (EAT) study, was conducted at a single site to investigate whether the early introduction of allergenic foods can induce oral tolerance and reduce the development of food allergies in infants. The study enrolled healthy, exclusively breastfed infants from the general population in the UK. Participants were randomized at 3 months of age to one of two arms: (1) the intervention arm, in which infants continued breastfeeding while introducing six allergenic foods (cow's milk in the form of yogurt, boiled egg, peanut, sesame, whitefish such as cod, and wheat introduced after four months) under dietetic supervision, and (2) the control arm, in which infants followed standard UK Government weaning advice recommending exclusive breastfeeding until around 6 months of age with delayed introduction of allergenic foods. Infants in the intervention arm were required to consume each allergenic food at least twice weekly to achieve a minimum ingestion of 4 grams of protein per week per food by five months of age. All infants were followed until three years of age to assess the period and cumulative prevalence of IgE-mediated food allergy, sensitization, eczema, allergic rhinitis, atopic wheeze, combined allergic disease, and nutritional safety. | |||||||||
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| DOI: | None | |||||||||
| Subjects: | 1303 | |||||||||
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| Assays: | None | |||||||||
| Clinical Assessments: | None | |||||||||
| SDY3126: Plasmodium yoelii MSP1/8 mRNA vaccine | |||||||||||||
| Status: | New | ||||||||||||
| Description: | To evaluate the mRNA vaccine platform for blood-stage Plasmodium parasites, we completed a proof-of-concept study using the P. yoelii mouse model of malaria and two mRNA-based vaccines. Both encoded PyMSP1-19 fused to PyMSP8 (PyMSP1/8). One was designed for secretion of the encoded protein (PyMSP1/8-sec); the other encoded membrane-bound antigen (PyMSP1/8-mem). Secretion of PyMSP1/8-sec and membrane localization of PyMSP1/8-mem were verified in mRNA-transfected cells. As recombinant PyMSP1/8 (rPyMSP1/8) is known to protect mice against lethal P. yoelii 17XL infection, we first compared immunogenicity and efficacy of the PyMSP1/8-sec mRNA vaccine versus the recombinant formulation in outbred CD1 mice. Animals were immunized three times followed by challenge with a lethal dose of P. yoelii 17XL parasitized RBCs (pRBCs). Similar immunization and challenge experiments were conducted to compare PyMSP1/8-sec versus PyMSP1/8-mem mRNA vaccines. Immunogenicity of the PyMSP1/8-sec mRNA vaccine was superior to the recombinant formulation, inducing higher antibody titers against both vaccine components. Following challenge with P. yoelii 17XL pRBCs, all PyMSP1/8-sec immunized animals survived, with 50% of these showing no detectible pRBCs in circulation. In addition, mean peak parasitemia in PyMSP1/8-sec mRNA immunized mice was significantly lower than that in the rPyMSP1/8 vaccine group. In a side-by-side comparison, both PyMSP1/8-sec and PyMSP1/8-mem were protective against P. yoelii 17XL challenge, with PyMSP1/8-mem immunization providing a significantly higher level of sterile protection and lower mean peak parasitemia than PyMSP1/8-sec immunized mice. Conclusions: mRNA vaccines were highly immunogenic and potently protective against blood-stage malaria, outperforming a similar recombinant-based vaccine. Membrane-bound antigen was more effective at inducing protective antibody responses, highlighting the need to consider antigen localization for mRNA vaccine design. | ||||||||||||
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| DOI: | 10.3390/vaccines13070702 | ||||||||||||
| Subjects: | 90 | ||||||||||||
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| Publications: | None | ||||||||||||
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| SDY3186: Longitudinal analysis of NA and HA antibodies after seasonal IIV | |||||||||||||
| Status: | New | ||||||||||||
| Description: | The study assessed NI and HI antibody production, persistence, and interrelation following immunization with three different seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines in healthy adults over >18 years, sampling up to 12 months. | ||||||||||||
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| DOI: | None | ||||||||||||
| Subjects: | 73 | ||||||||||||
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| Clinical Assessments: | None | ||||||||||||
| SDY3192: Seasonal influenza vaccination and A/H3N2-specific antibody breadth | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Status: | New | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description: | Adults and children were assessed for hemagglutinin-specific antibody responses using 14 antigenically distinct A/H3N2 viruses (1968–2018). The study compared responses after live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) in children, inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) in adults, and natural infection in unvaccinated adults. Antibody landscapes and seroprotection breadth were evaluated over time. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| DOI: | None | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subjects: | 84 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Clinical Assessments: | None | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SDY3193: Opposing Effects of Prior Infection versus Prior Vaccination on Vaccine Immunogenicity against Influenza A(H3N2) | ||||||||||
| Status: | New | |||||||||
| Description: | Adults (age 20-81) from Vietnam with known recent A(H3N2) infection history, with HI titers to 41 H3N2 strains measured pre-vaccination and 4, 7, 14, 21, and 280 days post-vaccination. Adults (age 24-66) from Australia with known recent influenza vaccination history, with HI titers to 36 H3N2 strains measured pre-vaccination as well as 21 and 224 days post-vaccination. | |||||||||
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| DOI: | None | |||||||||
| Subjects: | 149 | |||||||||
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| Clinical Assessments: | None | |||||||||
| SDY3199: Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) Analysis of Mature RPE Cells | |||||||
| Status: | New | ||||||
| Description: | Flow cytometry analysis of mature RPE cells was performed as described in Sharma et al. (2022). Mature RPE cells were harvested at Day 75, and cell pellets were washed with FACS wash buffer (2% FBS in DPBS without Ca2+ or Mg2+) and fixed in 1 mL of 4% PFA (in DPBS) for 15 minutes at room temperature (RT). After incubation, 5 mL of FACS wash buffer was added, and cells were spun down at 400 g for 4 minutes. Cells were resuspended in wash buffer and added to a 96-well plate (about 300,000 cells per well). The plate was spun down at 400 g for 5 minutes, and the supernatant was carefully removed from the plate without disturbing the cell pellet. Cells were incubated with primary antibody diluted in 50 ul of permeabilization buffer (2% FBS & 0.02% Triton-X-100 in DPBS) overnight at 4 degrees C on a rocking shaker. The following primary antibodies were used to assess the purity of mature RPE cells: RPE progenitor marker-PMEL17 (1:6000; BioLegend #911506) and TYRP1 (1:50; Novus #NBP2-32907); RPE mature markers-CRALBP (1:500; ThermoFisher #MA1-813) and BEST1 (1:750; Santa Cruz Biotechnology #sc-32792). Cells without antibody (unstained cells) or isotype control antibody, purified mouse IgG1 (1:25; BioLegend #401402), were used as a control. Following overnight incubation with primary antibody, each well was washed with 100 ul of wash buffer at 400 g for 5 minutes. The supernatant was carefully removed, and 150 ul of resuspension buffer (0.2 mM EDTA in PBS without Ca2+ or Mg2+) was added to a well incubated with anti-PMEL17 or anti-BEST1 antibody. A well incubated with anti-TYRP1 or anti-CRALBP antibody was further incubated with a secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor 488 (1:1000, Invitrogen #A-21202) for 30 minutes at RT in 50 ul of permeabilization buffer. These wells were washed with 100 ul of wash buffer at 400 g for 5 minutes, and 150 ul of resuspension buffer was added. The flow cytometry was performed on a CytoFLEX S cytometer (Beckman Coulter Inc., Flow Cytometry Core Laboratory at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia), and data were analyzed using CytExpert 2.6 (Beckman Coulter, Inc.). | ||||||
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| DOI: | None | ||||||
| Subjects: | 0 | ||||||
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| Clinical Assessments: | None | ||||||
| SDY3201: Fluorescence Activated Cell Soring (FACS) Analysis of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) | |||||||
| Status: | New | ||||||
| Description: | Flow cytometry analysis was performed as described in Sharma et al. (2022). Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were harvested, and cell pellets were washed with FACS wash buffer (2% FBS in DPBS without Ca2+/Mg2+). Cells were then fixed in 1 mL of 4% PFA (in DPBS) for 15 minutes at room temperature (RT). After incubation, 5 mL of FACS wash buffer was added, and cells were centrifuged at 400 g for 4 minutes. Cells were resuspended in wash buffer and added to a 96-well plate (500,000 cells/well). The plate was centrifuged at 400 g for 5 minutes, and the supernatant was carefully removed from the plate without disturbing the cell pellet. Cells were incubated with stem cell markers, OCT4 (1:500; BioLegend #653704) and TRA-181 (1:50; BD BioScience #561024), diluted in 50 ul of permeabilization buffer (2% FBS & 0.02% Triton-X-100 in DPBS) overnight at 4 degrees C on a rocking shaker. Following overnight incubation with the antibody, each well was washed with 100 ul of wash buffer at 400 g for 5 minutes. The supernatant was carefully removed, and 150 ul of resuspension buffer (0.2 mM EDTA in PBS without Ca2+/Mg2+) was added. The flow cytometry was performed on a CytoFLEX S cytometer (Beckman Coulter Inc., Flow Cytometry Core Laboratory at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia), and data were analyzed using CytExpert 2.6 (Beckman Coulter, Inc.). | ||||||
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| DOI: | None | ||||||
| Subjects: | 0 | ||||||
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| Publications: | None | ||||||
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| Clinical Assessments: | None | ||||||
| SDY3216: Brentuximab Vedotin for Systemic Sclerosis (BRAVOS) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Status: | New | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description: | This phase 1/2 multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation safety study evaluates brentuximab vedotin in adults with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc). Participants remain on stable background immunosuppressive therapy and are recruited through collaborating U.S. clinical sites. Enrollment includes adult males and females who meet protocol-defined eligibility criteria, without restriction by race or ethnicity. Eligible participants are randomized in a 6:2 ratio to brentuximab vedotin or placebo. The study design includes three sequential dose cohorts of eight participants each, resulting in a total of 24 individuals who receive sufficient dosing to enable safety evaluation. Study medication consists of intravenous brentuximab vedotin or matching placebo administered every three weeks across a 21-week treatment phase, for up to eight total doses. Cohort dose levels are 0.6 mg/kg, 1.2 mg/kg, and 1.8 mg/kg. Escalation between cohorts is determined following safety review by an independent committee. After treatment completion, participants undergo structured follow-up assessments at weeks 24, 28, 36, and 48 to monitor safety and clinical outcomes. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| DOI: | None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subjects: | 17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Assays: | None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| SDY3231: Different antigenic distance metrics generate similar predictions of influenza vaccine response breadth | ||||||||||
| Status: | New | |||||||||
| Description: | In this study, data from a seasonal influenza vaccine cohort were analyzed. Pre- and post-vaccination hemagglutination inhibition titers to the vaccine strains and a panel of heterologous strains data were used to calculate four different antigenic distance measures between assay strains and vaccine strains. | |||||||||
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| DOI: | None | |||||||||
| Subjects: | 0 | |||||||||
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| SDY3233: COVID-19 vaccination enhances the immunogenicity of influenza vaccination | ||||||||||
| Status: | New | |||||||||
| Description: | The study analyzed differences between individuals who received only one of the vaccines and those who received both within a three-month period. The goal was to assess whether administering both vaccines in close succession influenced immune responses, either by enhancing or interfering with the effects of each vaccine in younger and elderly populations. | |||||||||
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| DOI: | None | |||||||||
| Subjects: | 0 | |||||||||
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| Assays: | None | |||||||||
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| SDY3234: Antibody activity elicited by influenza B vaccine is influenced by pre-existing immune response | ||||||||||
| Status: | New | |||||||||
| Description: | This study investigates how prior immunity to influenza B virus lineages (B/Victoria and B/Yamagata) affects the antibody responses elicited by current vaccines. Using mice models, it compares responses to lineage-specific vaccines and a broadly reactive HA antigen (B-COBRA-2), showing that immune history influences vaccine effectiveness and the activation of antibody-producing B cells. | |||||||||
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| DOI: | None | |||||||||
| Subjects: | 0 | |||||||||
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| SDY3243: Hope in Action- Multicenter Kidney Study | ||||||||||
| Status: | New | |||||||||
| Description: | This study will evaluate if receiving a kidney transplant from an HIV-infected deceased kidney donor is safe with regard to survival and major transplant-related and HIV-related complications compared to receiving a kidney from an HIV-uninfected deceased kidney donor (HIVD-). | |||||||||
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| DOI: | None | |||||||||
| Subjects: | 0 | |||||||||
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| SDY3244: Influenza vaccination stimulates maturation of the human T follicular helper cell response | |||||||
| Status: | New | ||||||
| Description: | The differentiation and specificity of human CD4+ T follicular helper cells (TFH cells) after influenza vaccination have been poorly defined. Here we profiled blood and draining lymph node (LN) samples from human volunteers for over 2 years after two influenza vaccines were administered 1 year apart to define the evolution of the CD4+ TFH cell response. The first vaccination induced an increase in the frequency of circulating TFH (cTFH) and LN TFH cells at week 1 post-vaccination. This increase was transient for cTFH cells, whereas the LN TFH cells further expanded during week 2 and remained elevated in frequency for at least 3 months. We observed several distinct subsets of TFH cells in the LN, including pre-TFH cells, memory TFH cells, germinal center (GC) TFH cells and interleukin-10+ TFH cell subsets beginning at baseline and at all time points post-vaccination. The shift toward a GC TFH cell phenotype occurred with faster kinetics after the second vaccine compared to the first vaccine. We identified several influenza-specific TFH cell clonal lineages, including multiple responses targeting internal influenza virus proteins, and found that each TFH cell state was attainable within a clonal lineage. Thus, human TFH cells form a durable and dynamic multi-tissue network. | ||||||
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| DOI: | None | ||||||
| Subjects: | 5 | ||||||
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| SDY3245: Determinants of health as predictors for differential antibody responses following SARS-CoV-2 primary and booster vaccination in an at-risk, longitudinal cohort | |||||||
| Status: | New | ||||||
| Description: | The authors study the effects of extrinsic and intrinsic health factors on the peak antibody response following COVID-19 primary vaccination and on the trajectory of peak antibody magnitude and durability over time. | ||||||
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| DOI: | None | ||||||
| Subjects: | 0 | ||||||
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| Assays: | None | ||||||
| Clinical Assessments: | None | ||||||
| SDY3246: Germline-encoded specificities and the predictability of the B cell response | |||||||
| Status: | New | ||||||
| Description: | The authors investigated whether affinity maturation might strongly select for particular amino acid motifs across diverse genetic backgrounds. | ||||||
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| DOI: | None | ||||||
| Subjects: | 0 | ||||||
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| Assays: | None | ||||||
| Clinical Assessments: | None | ||||||
| SDY3247: Bivalent COVID-19 booster vaccines and the absence of BA.5-specific antibodies | |||||||
| Status: | New | ||||||
| Description: | The authors investigated whether a bivalent COVID-19 booster vaccine induced detectable BA.5-specific antibody responses in serum. | ||||||
| Program/Contract: |
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| DOI: | None | ||||||
| Subjects: | 0 | ||||||
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| Assays: | None | ||||||
| Clinical Assessments: | None | ||||||
| SDY3248: Reduction in Long COVID Symptoms and Symptom Severity in Vaccinated Compared to Unvaccinated Adults | |||||||
| Status: | New | ||||||
| Description: | The investigators assess the protective effect of vaccination on long COVID in a community-based setting. | ||||||
| Program/Contract: |
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| DOI: | None | ||||||
| Subjects: | 0 | ||||||
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| Assays: | None | ||||||
| Clinical Assessments: | None | ||||||
| SDY3249: Immunodominance hierarchy after seasonal influenza vaccination. | |||||||
| Status: | New | ||||||
| Description: | The authors investigated the immunodominance of antigenic sites in young adults and elderly after vaccination with a quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) or adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine (ATIV), respectively. | ||||||
| Program/Contract: |
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| DOI: | None | ||||||
| Subjects: | 0 | ||||||
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| Assays: | None | ||||||
| Clinical Assessments: | None | ||||||
Updated Studies
| SDY1644: Urban Environmental Factors and Childhood Asthma (URECA) (ICAC-07) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Status: | Updated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description: | The purpose of this study is to determine the way environmental factors (like the components of inner-city household dust) affect immune system development and symptoms of asthma in inner city children. The study is divided into three periods, as the subjects age from birth to 10 years old. Each age bracket will explore different objectives and endpoints. Study Objectives/Hypotheses: Subjects age 0 to 3 years old: Environmental factors in the inner city adversely influence the development of the immune system to promote cytokine dysregulation, allergy, and recurrent wheezing by age 3. Children who have had a viral lower respiratory infection and have developed cytokine dysregulation by age 3 are at increased risk for the development of asthma by age 6. Subjects age 4 to 7 years old: There is a unique pattern of immune development that is driven by specific urban exposures in early life, and this pattern of immune development is characterized by: 1) impairment of antiviral responses and 2) accentuation of Th2-like responses (e.g. cockroach-specific Interleukin-13(IL-13)). The clinical effects of these changes in immune development are frequent virus-induced wheezing and allergic sensitization by 3-4 years of age, and these characteristics synergistically increase the risk of asthma at age 7 years. Subjects age 7 to 10 years old: There are unique combinations of environmental exposures (cockroach allergens, indoor pollutants [Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)], lack of microbial exposure), and family characteristics (stress, genetic factors related to innate immunity) that synergistically promote asthma onset, persistence, and morbidity in urban neighborhoods. These exposures and characteristics influence immune expression and lung development during critical periods of growth, resulting in specific asthma phenotypes. Subjects age 10 to 16 years old: To determine the wheezing, asthma and atopy phenotypes in minority children growing up in poor urban neighborhoods as they develop from birth through adolescence. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| DOI: | 10.21430/M3H1YHLR5Z | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subjects: | 1218 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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